The UK Government, for instance, dedicated £1.9 billion over 5 years (2016–21) to fund a cybersecurity program because they see cybersecurity as one of the top priorities for their country. To protect and defend themselves from cyberattacks, these countries are increasingly outlining their position on cyberspace, cybercrime, and cybersecurity. In Estonia, for instance, cyberattackers laid siege to the banking, media, and other infrastructures that nearly crippled the country. Furthermore, the USA is only one of the many victims of such attacks. In the USA, officials acknowledge that critical infrastructures have been under deliberate attacks, and repairing damages has been costly for the country. Furthermore, national security is also impacted by cyberattacks, targeting mission-critical private sector contractors and critical infrastructures, affect the stability of a country. Lewis estimates the annual costs of cybercrime to the global economy are getting close to US$500 billion, and this does not include the losses due to a damaged reputation. For corporations, financial losses due to cyberattacks are immense. In 2010, there were an estimated 8.1 M victims of identity thefts in the USA alone -by 2018, that number had risen to 14.4 M. Stolen identity information is mostly used for fraudulent transactions such as loan applications and tax returns. įor individuals, one of the significant challenges is the release of personal information as a result of cyberattacks. While IT makes accomplishing such tasks more convenient, it brings about serious security challenges that need to be addressed by all parties ranging from individuals to governments. People and organizations use technology for mission-critical tasks such as banking, personnel management, or collaborative work. Reliance on information technology (IT) has grown significantly since the bloom of the Internet.
The proposed way forward section posits that the advancement of collecting and accessing sociotechnological data to inform models, the creation of new theoretical constructs, and the integration and improvement of behavioral models are needed to advance cybersecurity efforts. The simulation research section details the current role that simulation plays in cybersecurity, which mainly falls on representative environment building test, evaluate, and explore training and exercises risk analysis and assessment and humans in cybersecurity research. The overview of cybersecurity provides readers with a foundational perspective of cybersecurity in the light of targets, threats, and preventive measures. In this article, we provide an introduction to simulation for cybersecurity and focus on three themes: (1) an overview of the cybersecurity domain (2) a summary of notable simulation research efforts for cybersecurity and (3) a proposed way forward on how simulations could broaden cybersecurity efforts.
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